Fig: Holger Jannasch, 1995. Credit: WHOI Image Archives; Photo by Tom Kleindinst; with special permission of WHOI Digital Assets Licensing; from: https://images.whoi.edu/view-item?key=SXsiUCI6eyJ2YWx1ZSI6Ijc1MDQ1Iiwib3BlcmF0b3IiOjEsImZ1enp5UHJlZml4TGVuZ3RoIjozLCJmdXp6eU1pblNpbWlsYXJpdHkiOjAuNSwibWF4U3VnZ2VzdGlvbnMiOjUsImFsd2F5c1N1Z2dlc3QiOm51bGx9fQ&WINID=1643768606696#6PlW-aAH2KcAAAF-uD5aUQ/75045

Background image: Probing instrument sampling a hydrothermal vent black smoker, Alvin dive 3745., 1980. Credit: WHOI Image Archives; Photo courtesy of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Archives; with special permission of WHOI Digital Assets Licensing; from: https://images.whoi.edu/view-item?key=SXsiUCI6eyJ2YWx1ZSI6IjEyNTUwNSIsIm9wZXJhdG9yIjoxLCJmdXp6eVByZWZpeExlbmd0aCI6MywiZnV6enlNaW5TaW1pbGFyaXR5IjowLjUsIm1heFN1Z2dlc3Rpb25zIjo1LCJhbHdheXNTdWdnZXN0IjpudWxsfX0&WINID=1643768606696#6PlW-aAH2KcAAAF-uD5aUQ/125505

References:

Jannasch, H.W. and Mottl, M.J., 1985. Geomicrobiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Science, 229(4715), pp.717-725.

“The occurrence of certain microorganisms at deep-sea vents was predictable; however, their ability to make it possible for higher forms of life to thrive with an unusual efficiency on inorganic sources of energy in the absence of light was entirely unexpected.”